Current D-Mannose
Research
[Anti-bacterial defense mechanism of the urinary bladder. Role of
d-mannose in urine].
Toyota S, Fukushi Y, Katoh S, Orikasa S, Suzuki Y [Article in Japanese]
Bacterial adherence to mucosa is thought to be an initial and important
stage to cause urinary tract infection. Among some mechanisms of bacterial
adherence, the role of fimbriae and its receptor is worthy of notice. In
particular, type 1 fimbriae, for which mannose is assumed as a receptor, is
reported as the most common type and called "common fimbriae". Therefore if
a certain amount of mannose is present in urine, it will cover the fimbriae
of bacteria and competitively block the bacterial adherence to bladder mucosa.
As the first step, we tried to detect mannose in urine by high performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sugar can be measured by detecting the fluorescence
which is produced by a sugar separated by ion exchange, reacting with arginine
at high temperature. The results using standard sugar samples should have
highly stable retention time and concentration curve with the minimum detectable
mannose concentration of 0.02 microgram. We investigated mannose in urine
from 186 cases. Since the mannose peak was often masked by near unidentified
peaks, the peak of mannose could be detected only in 80 cases and its concentration
could be measured only in 24 cases. Mannose concentration in the urine
of the 24 cases was between 2.6 and 108.7 micrograms/ml and in most of
cases it was lower than 20 micrograms/ml. Secondary, we examined the possibility
of a mannose in urine to prevent bacterial adherence to mucosa by the hemagglutination
test using guinea pig erythrocytes and type 1 fimbriated E. coli.(ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PMID: 2576290, UI: 90172805
Effect of D-mannose and D-glucose on Escherichia coli bacteriuria
in rats.
Urol Res 1983;11(2):97-102
Michaels EK, Chmiel JS, Plotkin BJ, Schaeffer AJ.
The effect of D-mannose and D-glucose on bacteriuria due to Escherichia
coli with mannose-sensitive adhesins was investigated in adult male Sprague-Dawley
rats undergoing diuresis. Inocula of 10(5), 10(7), or 10(8) bacteria in
0.1 ml of normal saline or 2.5% or 10% D-mannose or D-glucose were injected
intravesically and urine was cultured 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days later. The levels
of bacteriuria on days 1 and 5 were significantly lower in rats inoculated
with 10(5) E coli and 10% D-mannose than in controls (p less than 0.05 and
0.01 respectively) and the percentages of rats with less than 100 bacteria/ml
were higher on days 1 and 3 (p = 0.05 and 0.02 respectively). Bacteriuria
was significantly lower in rats inoculated with 10(7) bacteria and 10% D-mannose
than in controls on days 5 and 7 (p less than 0.01 for each day) and the
percentage of rats with less than 100 bacteria/ml was higher on day 7 (p
= 0.01). D-glucose reduced bacteriuria significantly only with a concentration
of 10% after instillation of 10(5) E. coli (p less than 0.05, day 1). The
results indicate that D-mannose and D-glucose can significantly reduce bacteriuria
within 1 day and that their efficacy is dependent upon the concentration
of both saccharide and bacteria.
PMID: 6346629 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Safe as mother's milk: carbohydrates as future anti-adhesion
drugs for bacterial diseases.
Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot, Israel. bfsharon@weizmann.weizmann.ac.il Sharon N, Ofek
I.
The majority of infectious diseases are initiated by adhesion of pathogenic
organisms to the tissues of the host. In many cases, this adhesion is mediated
by lectins present on the surface of the infectious organism that bind
to complementary carbohydrates on the surface of the host tissues. Lectin-deficient
mutants often lack ability to initiate infection. Soluble carbohydrates
recognized by the bacterial lectins block the adhesion of the bacteria to
animal cells in vitro. Moreover, they have also been shown to protect against
experimental infection by lectin-carrying bacteria in different organs of
mammals such as mice, rabbits, calves and monkeys. [truncated to 100 words]
Zafriri D, Ofek I, Adar R, Pocino M, Sharon N Department
of Human Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel
Aviv University, Israel.
Inhibition of bacterial adherence
to bladder cells has been assumed to account for the beneficial
action ascribed to cranberry juice and cranberry juice
cocktail in the prevention of urinary tract infections
(A. E. Sobota, J. Urol. 131:1013-1016, 1984). We have
examined the effect of the cocktail and juice on the adherence
of Escherichia coli expressing surface lectins of defined
sugar specificity to yeasts, tissue culture cells, erythrocytes,
and mouse peritoneal macrophages. Cranberry juice cocktail
inhibited the adherence of urinary isolates expressing
type 1 fimbriae (mannose specific) and P fimbriae [specific
for alpha-D-Gal(1----4)-beta-D-Gal] but had no effect
on a diarrheal isolate expressing a CFA/I adhesin. The
cocktail also inhibited yeast agglutination by purified
type 1 fimbriae. The inhibitory activity for type 1 fimbriated
E. coli was dialyzable and could be ascribed to the fructose
present in the cocktail; this sugar was about 1/10 as
active as methyl alpha-D-mannoside in inhibiting the adherence
of type 1 fimbriated bacteria. The inhibitory activity
for the P fimbriated bacteria was nondialyzable and was
detected only after preincubation of the bacteria with
the cocktail. Cranberry juice, orange juice, and pineapple
juice also inhibited adherence of type 1 fimbriated E.
coli, most likely because of their fructose content. However,
the two latter juices did not inhibit the P fimbriated
bacteria. We conclude that cranberry juice contains at
least two inhibitors of lectin-mediated adherence of uropathogens
to eucaryotic cells. Further studies are required to establish
whether these inhibitors play a role in vivo.
PMID: 2653218 Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1989 Dec;80(12):1816-23
[Anti-bacterial defense mechanism of the urinary bladder.
Role of mannose in urine]. [Article in Japanese] Toyota
S, Fukushi Y, Katoh S, Orikasa S, Suzuki Y
PMID: 2576290, UI: 90172805
[See also Dr. Jonathan Wright's article on mannose and
urinary tract infections online http://www.tahoma-clinic.com/mannose.shtml
] Am J Vet Res 2000 Apr;61(4):446-9
Use of specific sugars to inhibit bacterial adherence
to equine endometrium in vitro.
King SS, Young DA, Nequin LG, Carnevale EM
Department of Animal Science, Food, and Nutrition, College
of Agriculture and Science, Southern Illinois University,
Carbondale 62901, USA. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether
specific sugars inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus zooepidemicus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli to equine
endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. SAMPLE POPULATION:
Endometrial biopsy specimens collected during estrus from
7 healthy mares. PROCEDURE: Endometrial specimens on glass
slides were incubated for 30 minutes at 4 C with suspensions
of S. zooepidemicus, P. aeruginosa, or E. coli in phosphate-buffered
saline solution (PBSS) alone or with various concentrations
of D-(+)-mannose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine,
D-(+)-glucose, galactose, or N-acetyl-neuraminic acid.
Inhibition of bacterial adherence was determined by comparing
adhesion of bacteria (i.e., percentage of glandular epithelial
cells with adherent bacteria) suspended in each sugar
solution with that of bacteria suspended in PBSS. RESULTS:
Mannose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine inhibited adhesion
of E. coli and P. aeruginosa to epithelial cells, whereas
only mannose inhibited adhesion of S. zooepidemicus. The
other sugars did not affect bacterial adherence. CONCLUSIONS
AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mannose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
appear to play a role in adhesion of S. zooepidemicus,
P. aeruginosa, and E. coli to equine endometrium. In horses
with uterine infections, use of sugars to competitively
displace bacteria from attachment sites on cells may provide
an adjunct to antibiotic treatment. PMID: 10772112
Effect of D-mannose and D-glucose on Escherichia coli
bacteriuria in rats, Urol Res 11(2):97-102, 1983.
Mannose-sensitive adherence of Escherichia coli to epithelial
cells from women with recurrent urinary tract infections,
J Urol 131(5):906-910, May 1984.
Mannose-sensitive hemagglutination in the absence of piliation
in Escherichia coli, Mol Microb 4(8):1311-1318, August
1990.
Mannose Sensitive Adherence of Escherichia coli to Epithelial
Cells. Eighty-First Annual Meeting of the American Society
for Microbiology. Dallas, Texas. March 2-4, 1981.
Effect of D-Mannose on Escherichia coli Adherence to Human
Vaginal Epithelial Cells and Hemagglutination. American
Urological Association. Seventy-Sixth Annual Meeting.
Boston, Massachusetts. May 11, 1981
Prevention of Escherichia coli Bacteriuria in Rats by
D-Mannose. American Urological Association. Boston, Massachusetts.
May 11, 1981.
Regulation of Mannose-Sensitive Hemagglutination in Clinical
Isolates of Escherichia coli. In Kass EH, Svanborg-Eden
C, eds:
Host-Parasite Interactions in Urinary Tract Infections
115-121, Chicago, Illinois, 1989. The University of Chicago
Press.
Contribution of Escherichia coli Type l Pili to Ascending
Urinary Tract Colonization in Mice. eds: Host-Parasite
Interactions in Urinary Tract Infections 341-347, Chicago,
Illinois, 1989. The University of Chicago Press.
Inhibitory activity of cranberry juice on adherence of
type 1 and type P fimbriated Escherichia coli to eucaryotic
cells. |
